Trident Labs
GLP-2TZ
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Batch #TL-2503
Analytical Formulations Inc.
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HPLC Purity≥99.4%
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All Trident Labs products are independently tested by accredited third-party laboratories. Results are batch-specific and provided for research transparency only. This product is not approved for human use.
GLP-2TZ — Tirzepatide · Dual-Incretin Research Reagent
The dual-incretin
analog examined
across metabolic research.
A synthetic 39-amino-acid peptide engineered to simultaneously engage GIP and GLP-1 receptors. Examined in peer-reviewed research for its dual-agonist pharmacology across metabolic and cardiometabolic disease models.
NEJM 2022SURMOUNT-1 · N=2,539Peer-Reviewed LiteratureSURPASS-CVOT 2025
Jastreboff et al. SURMOUNT-1 — 72-wk Phase 3 RCT. All data from peer-reviewed literature. For Research Use Only — Not for Human Consumption.
-22.5%
Mean BW change observed — SURMOUNT-1 Phase 3
Jastreboff NEJM 2022 · Research findings
-58.7%
Mean AHI change observed — OSA model (non-PAP)
Malhotra NEJM 2024 · Research findings
-93%
T2D progression rate observed — 3-yr prediabetic cohort
SURMOUNT-1 extension · Research findings
-38%
HF composite events observed — SUMMIT HFpEF model
Kosiborod NEJM 2024 · Research findings
New England Journal of MedicineSURMOUNT-1 2022 · OSA 2024 · SUMMIT 2024
Eli Lilly and CompanyMounjaro 2022 · Zepbound 2023 · OSA 2024
PNAS & Nature CommunicationsCryo-EM structural confirmation 2022
Analytical Formulations Inc.Third-party COA ≥99% purity every batch
JCI InsightImbalanced dual agonism — Willard et al. 2020
New England Journal of MedicineSURMOUNT-1 2022 · OSA 2024 · SUMMIT 2024
Eli Lilly and CompanyMounjaro 2022 · Zepbound 2023 · OSA 2024
PNAS & Nature CommunicationsCryo-EM structural confirmation 2022
Analytical Formulations Inc.Third-party COA ≥99% purity every batch
JCI InsightImbalanced dual agonism — Willard et al. 2020
Published Research DataFive trials.
Five trials.
One molecule.
The SURMOUNT program represents the most comprehensive peer-reviewed pharmacology dataset assembled for a single dual-incretin analog. All findings are independent published research.
-22.5%
Mean body weight change observed at 15mg vs placebo in SURMOUNT-1 Phase 3 trial.
Jastreboff et al. NEJM 2022 · Research findings
96%
Proportion achieving ≥5% BW change at 15mg vs 28% placebo in SURMOUNT-1.
SURMOUNT-1, NEJM 2022 · Research findings
25.8%
Mean BW change observed at 88 weeks — longest tirzepatide dataset in published literature.
Aronne et al. JAMA 2024 · Research findings
2,539
SURMOUNT-1 enrollment across 4 arms, 16 countries, no T2D.
SURMOUNT-1, NCT04184622
SURMOUNT Program — Mean Body Weight Change
Phase 3 RCTs · Tirzepatide 10–15 mg/wk · p<0.001 vs placebo all trials
SURMOUNT-1-22.5%
SURMOUNT-3-26.6%
SURMOUNT-4-25.8%
SURMOUNT-5-20.2%
SURMOUNT-2-15.7%
Note: SURMOUNT-3 used a lifestyle run-in requiring ≥5% BW loss before randomization. SURMOUNT-5 was head-to-head vs semaglutide 1.7/2.4 mg.
Jastreboff NEJM 2022 · Wadden Nat Med 2023 · Aronne JAMA 2024 · Garvey Lancet 2022 · SURMOUNT-5 2024. Research use only.
Mechanism of ActionTwo receptors.
Two receptors.
One sequence.
Tirzepatide is a GIP analogue with GLP-1 activity engineered in — not the reverse. Its GIPR dominance is intentional, enabling engagement of both incretin receptors within a single 39-residue backbone. Examined in peer-reviewed literature for its dual-agonist pharmacology.
GIPR — Primary
GIP Receptor
Equal affinity to native GIP
Direct adipocyte lipid metabolism
Insulin sensitization & adiponectin
Lower GI side-effect profile observed vs GLP-1 monoagonists in published trials
GLP-1R — Biased
GLP-1 Receptor
~5x weaker, cAMP-biased
Preferential cAMP, less desensitization
Hypothalamic appetite suppression
Glucose-dependent insulin release
Why weaker GLP-1R affinity still wins
Cryo-EM (PNAS 2022) confirms biased cAMP signaling at GLP-1R reduces receptor internalization — sustained surface expression = prolonged effect. GIPR tolerability allows full dose escalation, delivering more total GLP-1R activation than selective agonists at their tolerable ceiling.
GIP backbone — not GLP-1
C20 diacid at Lys20 — ~120 hr t½
Aib2 — DPP-IV resistant
39 amino acids — 4,813 Da
Cryo-EM confirmed biased GLP-1R
Integrated signaling cascade
1
GIPR Full Agonism GIP
Equal affinity to native GIP. C20 diacid at Lys20 drives albumin binding, extending half-life to ~120 hr without sacrificing GIPR potency.
2
Biased GLP-1R Activation GLP-1
~5x weaker but cAMP-preferential. Tyr1 and C20 lipid destabilize beta-arrestin coupling — less internalization, sustained receptor surface expression.
3
Synergistic cAMP Elevation Both
Both receptors converge on adenylate cyclase. Dual Gs input produces synergistic beta-cell insulin secretion beyond GIP + GLP-1 administered separately.
4
Systemic Downstream Signaling Both
Adipocyte remodeling (GIPR), hypothalamic GLP-1R engagement, altered lipid metabolism, and inflammatory marker changes. In SURMOUNT-1: 33.9% fat mass change vs 10.9% lean mass change observed (Jastreboff NEJM 2022).
JCI Insight 2020 · PNAS 2022 · Nature Comms 2022
Molecular Architecture39 residues.
39 residues.
Drawn to scale.
Tirzepatide's 39-amino-acid backbone, rendered residue-by-residue. Key engineering sites — Aib2 (DPP-IV block), Lys20 (C20 acylation), and the GLP-1-like C-terminal — highlighted as they appear.
Comorbidity Research ModelsFour disease models.
Four disease models.
One compound.
Tirzepatide has been examined in peer-reviewed Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials across four distinct cardiometabolic research models. All findings cited from independent published literature.
-58.7%
OSA Research Model
Mean AHI change observed in moderate-to-severe OSA with obesity cohort (non-PAP arm). Examined in peer-reviewed Phase 3 trial.
SURMOUNT-OSA · Malhotra, NEJM 2024 · N=469
-38%
HFpEF Research Model
Composite worsening HF events or CV death observed. HR 0.62 (p=0.026). Examined in peer-reviewed Phase 3 trial in HFpEF-obesity model.
SUMMIT · Kosiborod, NEJM 2024
44–62%
MASH / Liver Fibrosis Model
MASH resolution without worsening fibrosis rate observed vs 10% placebo. Examined in peer-reviewed Phase 2 histological study.
SYNERGY-NASH · Loomba, NEJM 2024
-93%
T2D Progression Research Model
T2D progression rate observed at 3 years in prediabetic cohort vs placebo. Examined in SURMOUNT-1 3-year extension analysis.
SURMOUNT-1 3-yr extension · 2024
Compound Comparison
Where GLP-2TZ fits.
Tirzepatide is the first dual incretin agonist with a published head-to-head comparative trial vs semaglutide. Data sourced from peer-reviewed literature across distinct trial populations.
-20.2%
GLP-2TZ · Tirzepatide
10/15 mg/wk · 72 wks
Head-to-Head
SURMOUNT-5 · Phase 3b RCT
p<0.001
p<0.001
-13.7%
GLP-1SM · Semaglutide
1.7/2.4 mg/wk · 72 wks
SURMOUNT-5 Phase 3b open-label RCT. Trial designs, populations, and durations differ across compounds. Not a definitive comparative effectiveness claim. All findings from independent peer-reviewed literature. For Research Use Only — Not for Human Consumption.
Receptor Selectivity ProfileBinding affinity
Binding affinity
visualized.
Tirzepatide's dual-receptor engagement profile vs semaglutide (GLP-1 monoagonist). EC50 values from Willard et al. JCI Insight 2020 and Lau et al. J Med Chem 2015. Lower EC50 = higher affinity.
Willard et al. JCI Insight 2020 · Lau et al. J Med Chem 2015. Axes = receptor binding affinity (higher = stronger). Research use only.
Pharmacokinetic ProfileHalf-life by
Half-life by
molecular design.
The C20 fatty diacid at Lys20 drives albumin binding, extending plasma half-life from <2 minutes (native GIP/GLP-1) to ~120 hours — enabling once-weekly dosing in research models. Curve draws on scroll.
Compound Profile
Full specification
39-amino acid GIP analogue engineered for dual receptor co-activation. Built from the GIP sequence up — not adapted from GLP-1.
Structural Features
Key engineering modifications on the native GIP backbone
| Common Name | Tirzepatide |
| Code | LY3298176 (Mounjaro / Zepbound) |
| Backbone | 39-aa GIP analogue — not GLP-1 |
| Mol. Weight | 4,813.5 Da |
| EC50 GIPR | ~1 nM — equal to native GIP |
| EC50 GLP-1R | ~3–5 nM — cAMP-biased |
| Half-life | ~120 hr via C20 diacid albumin binding |
| DPP-IV | Resistant — Aib2 substitution at position 2 |
| FDA Approvals | Mounjaro 2022Zepbound 2023OSA 2024 |
| Trident Purity | ≥99% HPLC — 6-panel COA every batch |
| Form | Lyophilized powder · sealed vial |
| Regulatory | Research Use Only — Not for Human Use |
Receptor Binding Affinity
GIPR-dominant by design. The imbalance is intentional and pharmacologically critical.
GIPR
~1 nM
GLP-1R
~3–5 nM
JCI Insight 2020 (Willard et al.) · PNAS 2022. Biased cAMP signaling at GLP-1R compensates for weaker affinity. Research use only.
GIP Backbone — Built from Native GIP
GIP-unique residues give full GIPR agonism; engineered GLP-1-like residues add GLP-1R activity. One molecule, two native-affinity pathways.
C20 Fatty Diacid at Lys20
Longer chain than semaglutide (C18 at Lys26). Mid-sequence attachment preserves GIP-native N-terminal GIPR binding geometry. ~120 hr half-life.
Biased GLP-1R Signaling
Cryo-EM (PNAS 2022): Tyr1 and C20 moiety destabilize beta-arrestin coupling. Less internalization = sustained receptor surface expression = prolonged signaling.
Research TimelineThree indications
Three indications
in a decade.
From first-in-human studies to three FDA-approved clinical indications — each milestone expanding the published research dataset on dual-incretin pharmacology.
3
FDA approved indications — T2D (2022), Obesity (2023), OSA (2024)
2,539
SURMOUNT-1 participants across 4 arms in 16 countries
5
Major Phase 3 SURMOUNT trials plus the 5-trial SURPASS T2D series
Key Findings at a Glance
33.9% fat mass change vs 10.9% lean mass change — body-composition ratio observed in SURMOUNT-1.
Jastreboff et al., NEJM 2022
KCCQ-CSS +7.5 pts, 6-min walk +18m observed in HFpEF model. HR 0.62 composite event reduction (SUMMIT).
Kosiborod et al., NEJM 2024
AHI −58.7% observed in non-PAP OSA cohort. Phase 3 findings (SURMOUNT-OSA).
Malhotra et al., NEJM 2024
SURMOUNT-5: −20.2% vs semaglutide −13.7% mean BW change at 72 wk (p<0.001). First powered head-to-head comparative trial.
SURMOUNT-5, 2024
Now
Active
SURMOUNT-MMO & Expansion
SURMOUNT-MMO (N=~15,000): event-driven morbidity/mortality trial. Active trials in CKD, MASH Phase 3, and Alzheimer disease research.
2024
4 Results
OSA Approval, SUMMIT, SYNERGY-NASH, 3-yr SURMOUNT-1
Zepbound approved for OSA. SUMMIT: −38% HF composite. SYNERGY-NASH: 44–62% MASH resolution. 93% T2D risk reduction at 3 yr. SURPASS-CVOT: expanded MACE HR 0.88.
2023
Obesity Approval
Zepbound FDA Approval for Obesity
FDA approves Zepbound. SURMOUNT-3: −26.6% BW after lifestyle run-in. FDA approves Zepbound for chronic weight management. SURMOUNT-3: −26.6% mean BW change after lifestyle run-in — largest published dataset for this compound class at approval.
2022
Dual Approval
Mounjaro + SURMOUNT-1 Published
FDA approves Mounjaro for T2D. SURMOUNT-1 in NEJM: −22.5%, N=2,539. Cryo-EM structures in PNAS and Nature Comms. SURPASS-2 head-to-head vs semaglutide 1.0 mg published in NEJM.
2018–20
Discovery
Phase 1 & Mechanistic Characterization
Phase 1 confirms ~120 hr half-life. JCI Insight 2020 formalizes imbalanced agonism. The "twincretin" concept established.
Storage & Laboratory HandlingMaintain sample
Maintain sample
integrity.
4.8 kDa acylated peptide. C20 diacid stable under lyophilized storage but susceptible to aggregation on freeze-thaw after reconstitution. Proper laboratory handling is essential for research reproducibility.
-20°C
Long-term storage
Up to 24 months. Original sealed vial, protect from light.
2–8°C
Post-reconstitution
Up to 28 days. Do not freeze — C20 aggregates on freeze-thaw.
BAC H2O
Reconstitution
Bacteriostatic water preferred. Benzyl alcohol extends stability.
2 mL
Volume
2 mL BAC water per vial via U100 insulin syringe.
Laboratory Reconstitution Reference
Standard laboratory protocol for research preparations. For qualified researchers only.
1
Equilibrate to ambient laboratory temperature
Allow sealed vial to reach room temperature (approx. 15–20 min). Do not apply external heat sources.
2
Add 2 mL bacteriostatic water
Use calibrated laboratory syringe. Bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) preferred for post-reconstitution stability.
3
Direct along interior vial wall
Introduce solvent slowly along the glass wall — not directly onto the lyophilized cake. Minimizes foaming and maintains peptide integrity.
4
Roll gently 30–60 seconds
Do not vortex. Solution should be clear to slightly opalescent. Discard if cloudy or particulate.
5
Label and store refrigerated
2–8°C. Record reconstitution date. Do not freeze reconstituted material — C20 diacid chain susceptible to aggregation on freeze-thaw cycling.
For Research Use Only — Not for Human Consumption. ≥99% purity by HPLC · 6-panel COA (UV-Vis, HPLC, Beer-Lambert, ICP-MS <20ppb, TAMC, TYMC) · Analytical Formulations Inc. · This product is not a drug, food, dietary supplement, cosmetic, or medical device and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. For lawful laboratory research use only by qualified researchers.
Published Literature
Research Active
Indexed literature
11 studies across SURMOUNT, SURPASS, mechanistic, and comorbidity trials.
NEJM2022
Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity — SURMOUNT-1
Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al.
72-week randomized trial. Tirzepatide 5/10/15mg vs placebo, no T2D. Mean BW reduction 16.0%/21.4%/22.5% vs 2.4% placebo (p<0.001 all). 96% achieving ≥5% reduction on 10/15mg vs 28% placebo. Fat mass reduced 33.9% vs lean mass 10.9%. Highest mean weight loss in any single-molecule Phase 3 trial.
NEJM2024
Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea — SURMOUNT-OSA
Malhotra A, Grunstein RR, Fietze I, et al.
Two 52-week Phase 3 trials. Trial 1 (non-PAP): AHI −58.7% (p<0.001). Trial 2 (PAP users): AHI −50.7%. Reduced hypoxic burden, hsCRP, systolic BP. First obesity pharmacotherapy FDA-approved for OSA (December 2024).
PNAS2022
Structural Determinants of Dual Incretin Receptor Agonism by Tirzepatide
Coskun T, Urva S, Roell WC, et al.
Near-atomic cryo-EM structures of tirzepatide bound to GIPR and GLP-1R. At GIPR: Tyr1 allows full agonism equal to native GIP. At GLP-1R: same Tyr1 and lipid moiety destabilize beta-arrestin coupling, confirming biased agonism structurally.
Showing 3 of 11
Indexed from PubMed and peer-reviewed journals. Independent published research — not Trident Labs claims. GLP-2TZ (Tirzepatide) is for Research Use Only — Not for Human Consumption. Not a drug, food, or dietary supplement.
Cited Sources
References
All scientific claims from peer-reviewed literature or official regulatory records.
Peer-reviewed11 sources2020–2025
[1]
Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al.
Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity.
[2]
Malhotra A, Grunstein RR, Fietze I, et al.
Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity.
[3]
Kosiborod MN, Abildstrom SZ, Borlaug BA, et al.
Tirzepatide in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity.
[4]
Loomba R, Hartman ML, Lawitz EJ, et al.
Tirzepatide for MASH with Liver Fibrosis — SYNERGY-NASH.
[5]
Coskun T, Urva S, Roell WC, et al.
Structural Determinants of Dual Incretin Receptor Agonism by Tirzepatide.
[6]
Willard FS, Douros JD, Gabe MB, et al.
Tirzepatide is an Imbalanced and Biased Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist.
[7]
Frias JP, Davies MJ, Rosenstock J, et al.
Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Type 2 Diabetes — SURPASS-2.
[8]
Wadden TA, Chao AM, Machineni S, et al.
Tirzepatide After Intensive Lifestyle Intervention — SURMOUNT-3.
[9]
Aronne LJ, Sattar N, Horn DB, et al.
Continued Treatment with Tirzepatide for Maintenance — SURMOUNT-4.
[10]
Nicholls SJ, Bhatt DL, Buse JB, et al.
Comparison of Tirzepatide and Dulaglutide on MACE — SURPASS-CVOT.
[11]
Mamas MA, Bays H, Li R, et al.
Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide and 10-Year CVD Risk Reduction — SURMOUNT-5.
Showing 3 of 11
Support
Frequently Asked Questions
Everything you need to know about this product and your order.
All Trident Labs peptides are independently tested and verified at ≥99.4% purity by HPLC analysis. Every batch comes with a full Certificate of Analysis.
Store lyophilised peptides at -20°C in a dry, dark environment. Once reconstituted, store at 4°C and use within 28 days. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
No. All products sold by Trident Labs are strictly for research use only (RUO). They are not approved for human or veterinary use and must not be administered to any living organism.
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